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1. There are many books in the library
2. A group of students is discussing the home works
3. Either the President of Iran or the President of Turkey is attending the meeting
4. Neither they nor my sons never do the task
5. Not only my mother but also my father has been in London

THE STORY OF THE NAME OF CITIES IN INDONESIA

JAKARTA

Jakarta names used since the Japanese colonial period in 1942, to refer to the former Gemeente Batavia, the Dutch East Indies government was inaugurated in 1905. The name is considered as an abbreviation of the word Jayakarta ( Devanagari जयकृत ), which is given by the people and Cirebon Demak under the leadership of Fatahillah ( Faletehan ) after attacking and occupying the port of Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527. The name is usually translated as "city of victory" or "triumph of the city", but its true meaning is " victory achieved by an act or effort".

Another form of spelling the name of the city has long been used. Portuguese historian João de Barros in Décadas da Asia ( 1553) mentions the existence of " Xacatara with another name Caravam ( Falkirk )". A document ( charter ) of Banten ( K. 1600) read expert epigraphy Van der Tuuk also been called the Jaketra wong term, as well as the name Jaketra also mentioned in the letters of the Sultan of Banten and hist Banten ( stanzas 45 and 47 ) as observed Hoessein Djajadiningrat. Cornelis de Houtman report in 1596 called the Prince Wijayakrama as Jacatra van Koning ( king Jakarta ).

BANDUNG

Regarding the origin of the name "Bandung", expressed a variety of opinions. Partially said that, the word "Bandung" in Sundanese, synonymous with the word "Banding" in Indonesian, means side by side. Ngabandeng (Sunda) means contiguous or adjacent. This is partly expressed in Dictionary Indonesia published by Balai Pustaka (1994) and Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary published by Pustaka Setia (1996), that the word "Bandung" means  side by side and also means in pairs. Others say, that the word "Bandung" means large or widespread. The word is derived from the "Bandeng". In Sundanese, "ngabandeng" is the designation for large puddle and looked calm, but seemed creepy. Allegedly said "Bandeng" was then transformed into a sound of "Bandung". There is also opinion stating that the word "Bandung" is derived from the word "Bendung".

Opinions about the origin and meaning of the word "Bandung" is, apparently related to incident has been unstoppable the ancient Citarum River basin area Padalarang by lava Tangkuban Parahu that erupted during the Holocene (± 6000 years ago).  As a result, the area between Padalarang to Cicalengka (± 30 kilometers) and the area between Mount Tangkuban Parahu to Soreang (± 50 kilometers) under water into a huge lake that became known as the "Lake of Bandung" or "Ancient Lake of Bandung". Based on the research findings of geology, water "Lake of Bandung" expected to begin receding in the Neolithic period (± 8000-7000 BC). Process water receding The lake takes place gradually over the centuries.

Historically, the word or name "Bandung" known since in the former lake The government stands Bandung Regency (around the third decade of the 17th century). Thus, the term "Lake of Bandung" to a large lake that ensued after establishment of Bandung Regency.

BANYUWANGI

          In ancient times in the east end of East Java Province, there is a great empire ruled by a just and wise king. King The stout has a son named Raden Banterang. Craze Raden Banterang is hunting. "This morning I would hunt the woods. Prepare hunting tool, "said Raden Banterang to his servants. After hunting equipment ready, Raden Banterang with some escorts to leave for the forest. When Raden Banterang walking alone, he saw a deer crossed in front of him. He immediately chase deer until deep into the woods. He separated with his escorts.

"Where a deer that all about?" Said Raden Banterang, when it lost track of his quarry. "I'll continue to search until it can be," his determination. Raden Banterang through the bush and forest trees. However, the game was not found. He arrived at a river water is very clear. "Hem, very fresh water of this river," Raden Banterang drinking water of the river, to feel lost thirst. After that, he left river. But only a few steps to walk, suddenly startled the arrival of a beautiful girl. "Ha? A beautiful girl? Was she a human? Perhaps forest guardian devil, "muttered Banterang Raden wondered. Raden Banterang ventured to approach that beautiful girl. "You're human or forest watchman?" Raden Banterang said. "I'm human," she replied with a smile. Raden Banterang even introduce himself. Pretty girl for him. "My name is Surati, i’m derived from kingdom of Klungkung". "I was in this place for saving themselves from enemy attack. My father had died in defense of the royal crown, "she explained. Listening to the girl, Raden Banterang absurdly surprised. Seeing the suffering of the King of Klungkung's daughter, Raden Banterang immediate help and took her back to the palace. Soon they were married build happy family.

One day, the daughter of the King of Klungkung take a walk outside the palace alone. "Surati! Surati! ", Calling a man dressed in rags. After watched the man's face, she realized that that was in front of her was older brother named Rupaksa. Rupaksa intentions is to invites his sister to take revenge, because Raden Banterang killed father. Surarti tell that she would have been married Raden Banterang indebted. By doing so, Surati not want to help call his brother. Rupaksa angry to hear the answer . However, it could provide a memories to Surati to a headband. "This headband should you keep under your bed, "message Rupaksa. Surati to the meeting with his brother is not known by Raden Banterang,  because Raden Banterang was hunting in the forest. When Raden Banterang be in the middle of the forest, his eyes suddenly startled by the arrival of a man dressed in rags. "My lord, Raden Banterang. your Safety danger planned by the host's own wife, "said the man. 'You can see the evidence, by looking at a headband that is placed under the dusk. The headband belonging to the man who asked for help to kill the Lord, " he explained. After saying those words, the man was dressed in rags mysteriously disappeared. Raden Banterang alarmed to hear reports of mysterious men that. He was immediately returned to the palace. After arriving at the palace, Raden  Banterang direct the dusk toward his wife. Looking headband that has been told by men rags that have been encountered in the forest. "Ha! True said that man! This headband as proof! You want to kill me with a plan for help to the owner of this headband! "accused Raden Banterang to his wife. "Is that you repay me? "said Raden Banterang." Do not just accused. Adina at all did not intend to kill Kakanda, let alone ask for help to a man! "replied

Surati. However Raden Banterang remain at its founding, that his wife ever helped it would endanger his life. Well, before his life is threatened, Raden Banterang first want to harm his wife. Raden Banterang intending to drown her in a river. After arriving The river, Raden Banterang told about a meeting with a man in rags when hunting in the woods. The wife also told about meeting with a man dressed in rags as described her husband. "The man is the older brother of Adina. It was he who gave a headband to Adina, "Surati to explain again, so Raden Banterang yield his heart. However, Raden Banterang continue to believe that she would harm himself. "Kakanda my husband! Open your heart and feelings Kakanda! Adina would die for Kakanda safety. But give the opportunity for Adina to tell Adina meeting concerning the older brother named Rupaksa, "said Surati warned."My brother will kill Kakanda ! Adina demand help, but Adina reject". Hearing this, the liquid heart Raden Banterang not even consider she lied . "Kakanda! If the river water becomes clear and fragrant smell, Adina mean innocent! However, if it remains cloudy and foul odor, meaning Adina guilty! "said Surati. Raden Banterang she considers it ridiculous remark there. So, Raden Banterang immediately drew his dagger tucked in his waist. Along the same, Write to jump into the river and disappeared. Not long ago, there was a miracle. Nan fragrant smell spread around the river. Seeing the incident, Raden Banterang cried in a trembling voice. "My wife does not sin! Fragrant water this time! "How sorry Raden Banterang. He bemoaned

death of his wife, and regretting his folly. But it was too late. Since then, the river becomes fragrant. In the Java language called Banyuwangi. Banyu meaning meaning fragrant water and fragrant. The name later became the name of the town of Banyuwangi

SURABAYA

There are at least three statements about the origin of the name of Surabaya. The first statement mentioned, the name originally was Churabaya, village cross in banks of the Brantas River. It was stated in the inscription Trowulan I in 1358 AD. Surabaya is also the name is listed in the State Pujasastra Kertagama written MPU Prapanca. In that paper Surabaya ( Surabhaya ) listed in pujasastra about cruise trips in 1365 were made ​​Hayam Wuruk, King of Majapahit. However Surabaya it self is believed by experts have been there in the years before inscriptions were made. A Dutch researcher, GH Von Faber in Werd En Een Stad his geboren (A City Is Born) hypothesized, King Kertanegara Surabaya was established in 1275, as a new settlement for the soldiers who have managed to quell the rebellion Kemuruhan in 1270 AD.

The next version, the name Surabaya is closely linked with the story of the fight of life and died between Duke and Sawunggaling Jayengrono. That said, after beating the Tartars (Mongols), Raden Wijaya who was the first king of Majapahit, established a palace in Ujung Galuh, now the port area of Tanjung Perak, and Duke put Jayengrono to lead the region. Long Jayengrono increasingly powerful and independent as Crocodile mastered, thus threatening the sovereignty Majapahit. To conquer Jayengrono, diutuslah Sawunggaling who mastered Sura. Compete magic is done at the edge of the river near Paneleh Kalimas . Ramming magic it lasted seven days and seven nights, and ended tragically, they both died run out of steam. In the other version again, the word myth Surabaya emerged from the battle between the fish Suro (Sura) and Boyo ( Baya or crocodile ), symbol of the struggle between land and sea. The depiction of the battle monument contained in existing suro and boyo close Road detail what zoo in Surabaya.

The latest version, released in 1975, when Mayor Subaya Soeparno set a date of May 31, 1293 as the anniversary of the city of Surabaya . This means that the 2005 712 -year -old Surabaya. Determination was based on an agreement group of historians who formed the city government that the name originated Surabayaing of the word sura bhaya meaning of courage to face danger.

MALANG

The name " Malang " is still researched its origins by historians. Malangkucecwara written on the emblem of the city, according to one hypothesis is the name of a sacred building. The name it self is sacred buildings found in two inscriptions of King Balitung of Central Java, the inscription Mantyasih in 907, and the 908 inscriptions found in one place between Surabaya - Malang. However, where is the real sacred buildings Malangkucecwara it, historians are still not getting the deal. The parties expect that the location of sacred buildings in the area is mountain Buring, the mountains stretching to the east of the city of Malang where there is a mountain peak named Malang. Proof of the correctness of this conjecture is still underway as it turns out, to the west of the city of Malang also there is a mountain named Malang. Malangkucecwara name consists of three words, namely mala meaning fraud, falsehood, and falsehood ; angkuca which means destroying or destroy; and Icwara which means " God ". Thus, Malangkucecwara means " God has destroyed the evil ".

Previous hypotheses, perhaps in contrast to the opinion of Malang suspect that the name is derived from the word "Denied" or "hinder" ( in Javanese means Malang ). Once Sunan Mataram who wants to spread its influence to the East Java has been trying to occupy the area of ​​Malang. Residents of the area to fight a great war. Therefore Sunan Mataram assume that the local people to obstruct, deny or poor on the intent of Sunan Mataram. Since then, the area was named Malang.